Grapes Essay Example For Students

Grapes Essay Of Wrath By SteinbeckExplain how the conduct of the Joads shows Steinbecks perspective on theresponsibility of the person to society all in all. Part 14 made aninteresting point. At a certain point in the part it was expressed that a rancher losthis ranch. As this keeps an eye on family gets their possessions and heads west theymeet up with another family managing a comparative circumstance. Presently these twofamilies offer a typical bond. A fraternity is framing. This is the impetus. Nolonger is it one rancher saying he lost his property however two ranchers joined sayingthey lost their territory. Much a similar change happens to the Joad familyespecially to the characters of Ma, Young Tom, and Rose of Sharon. At theonset of the novel we see the Joad family battling just to keep theirimmediate family together. They are centered around just themselves. Before the end ofthis great book we see the Joad family fanning out in various waysto hold onto all of humanity as one major family. Mama Joads fundamental worry at thebeginning of the story is her family. She needs to keep the unit together andworks persistently to accomplish this objective. In any case, individually, relatives leavethe bunch for different reasons prompting the moderate yet sure breaking down of theJoad faction. The first to go is Noah; at that point Grandpa and Grandma die;Connie walksoff and leaves Rose of Sharon; Young Tom leaves since he has gotten intotrouble once more; and Al gets ready for marriage and chooses to go with his fianceesfamily. Mama manages every misfortune decently well. As the story advances, wefind Ma Joad turning out to be increasingly more worried about individuals outside the familyunit. She wants to share whatever small food and possessions her familyhas with different families suffering difficulties. She saw the requirements of her own familyat the start of the story and before the finish of the novel, she sees the necessities ofher individual man. Youthful Tom has a ll the earmarks of being conceited when he if firstintroduced. He has recently left jail in the wake of serving four years for homicide. Tomwant to appreciate life without limit and to be with his family. He is verydisturbed to discover the family home abandoned and nearly wrecked. He by this timehas reacquainted himself with Jim Casey, an ex-minister. The more Tom listens toJim and his perspectives on life, the spirit of man, and the partnership of humanity, theless he centers around himself and his needs. He at that point starts to concentrate on the plightand maltreatment of the destitute ranchers. He begins to understand that all together for themigrant laborers to endure and succeed they should join together. He realizes that if theyband together as one, they can request that their undeniable rights under theconstitution be respected. They can start to pick up regard from their individual man. After Jim is murdered, Tom takes up the reason for his kin. He designs towork with them. Similarly as Jim showed him, Tom understands that man is nothing but bad aloneand that each keeps an eye on soul is only a bit of a greater one. Rose of Sharon istotally centered around herself from the earliest starting point. She is pregnant for the firsttime and in adoration with her better half so her little world is finished. Sheconstantly weeps over the way that she needs nutritious food so her infant will behealthy. She is constantly worried that what she does or what others never really hurt her child somehow or another. She is so enveloped with herself and the infant sheis conveying that she doesn't understand that her family is self-destructing. Shewhines and groans her way through the majority of the book until her child is brought into the world dead. .u8ddcc4dae15e357f111e36f39339a91d , .u8ddcc4dae15e357f111e36f39339a91d .postImageUrl , .u8ddcc4dae15e357f111e36f39339a91d .focused content region { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u8ddcc4dae15e357f111e36f39339a91d , .u8ddcc4dae15e357f111e36f39339a91d:hover , .u8ddcc4dae15e357f111e36f39339a91d:visited , .u8ddcc4dae15e357f111e36f39339a91d:active { border:0!important; } .u8ddcc4dae15e357f111e36f39339a91d .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u8ddcc4dae15e357f111e36f39339a91d { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; obscurity: 1; progress: murkiness 250ms; webkit-progress: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u8ddcc4dae15e357f111e36f39339a91d:active , .u8ddcc4dae15e357f111e36f39339a91d:hover { mistiness: 1; change: haziness 250ms; webkit-progress: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u8ddcc4dae15e357f111e36f39339a91d .focused content territory { width: 100%; position: r elative; } .u8ddcc4dae15e357f111e36f39339a91d .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-adornment: underline; } .u8ddcc4dae15e357f111e36f39339a91d .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u8ddcc4dae15e357f111e36f39339a91d .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; fringe sweep: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: striking; line-stature: 26px; moz-outskirt span: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-enhancement: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: supreme; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8ddcc4dae15e357f111e36f39339a91d:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u8ddcc4dae15 e357f111e36f39339a91d .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u8ddcc4dae15e357f111e36f39339a91d-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u8ddcc4dae15e357f111e36f39339a91d:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Serial Killer Observation EssayThe demise of her kid appears to change her. At the finish of the novel shebreast takes care of a withering man. To me this is emblematic of drinking from the milk ofhuman consideration. She gives of herself to spare another person. She too islearning about the association of man. Taking everything into account, as the Joad familyseemingly deteriorates, they really converge in to a bigger, all the more universalfamily the group of man. English Essays

Abortion Essay

Lucinda Seongbae Eng : Persuasive exposition on fetus removal Prof. Fitzgerald A Positive View on Pro Abortion has been a discussion for a long time and saw in a wide range of points of view. A few people see it from a constructive moment that this is being brought about by the idea of the woman’s wellbeing, the age and others. It might likewise be viewed as a method of disposing of an undesirable or unplanned pregnancy for reasons that are sure and gainful for most ladies. As per women's activist viewpoints on generation and the family, now and again premature birth can be a positive demonstration relying upon the reason. For example, on account of an assault, wellbeing reasons or on account of having an undesirable youngster for reasons old enough, conjugal status, and prudent reasons premature birth is a powerful apparatus to fix a few errors. Notwithstanding, whichever ways it is seen premature birth gives a lady the option to pick and ought not be seen as a negative demonstration yet rather can be viewed as a positive demonstration much of the time. In light of the numerous positive explanations behind premature birth, fetus removal ought to be bolstered. Concerning the woman’s wellbeing a premature birth can be performed when the lady can't hold the hatchling for wellbeing reasons. For instance a lady who has AIDs and the hatchling contaminated as of now can get a premature birth on the grounds that there is no life for the child. Additionally a lady who has disease at a propelled stage can't keep a kid in her belly or she will chance kicking the bucket during childbirth. On account of certain ailments, kidney illness, extreme hypertension, sickle-cell iron deficiency, serious diabetes, and so forth that can be hazardous, a fetus removal frequently assists with keeping away from genuine clinical inconveniences from labor. This additionally carries accentuation to Roe V. Swim (1973), which allowed ladies the option to end an undesirable pregnancy, in view of a certain key right to security and contended that it must be weighed against contending state interests in maternal wellbeing and the assurance of pre-birth life; it ensured this privilege during the principal trimester of pregnancy (Thompson, 50). At this point the individual has excellent defenses of her activity and is viewed as a positive follow up on her part. Another positive issue concerning fetus removal is where young ladies underneath fifteen years are pregnant. In such circumstance fetus removal is conceivable on the grounds that the young ladies are unreasonably youthful for youngster bearing. Likewise in circumstances where young ladies have next to zero wellbeing offices to guarantee safe conveyance, for example, in creating nations, fetus removal is the main conceivable answer so as to keep away from some significant confusion. As indicated by specialist Mayor, entanglements from pregnancy and labor are the main source of death in young ladies matured fifteen to nineteen in creating nations. An expected 70,000 youthful moms pass on every year since they have kids before they are genuinely prepared for parenthood, and over 90% of these births are in creating nations the report says (www. bmjjournals. com). For this situation, if a young lady of these ages decides to get a premature birth to maintain a strategic distance from intricacies of labor as well as death she is just settling on a positive choice for her life. As per those against fetus removal or the individuals who see premature birth as a negative demonstration, one would contend that since life starts at origination, fetus removal is likened to kill as it is the demonstration of taking human life. Fetus removal is in direct resistance of the generally acknowledged thought of the holiness of human life. In opposite, most premature births occur in the primary trimester, when a hatchling can't exist autonomous of the mother. As it is appended by the placenta and umbilical string, its wellbeing is subject to her wellbeing, and can't be viewed as a different substance as it can't exist outside her belly. Consequently, for this situation fetus removal can't be viewed as murder. As per Thomson (1971), â€Å"if ladies have rights over their own bodies, at that point they have rights not to have their bodies utilized by others against their will† (Thompson, 35-65). Thusly, regardless of whether it is contended that the baby is a human life, the state has no option to constrain somebody to give utilization of their body to someone else, regardless of whether that individual is in extraordinary need. Another may contend that the individuals who pick premature births are regularly minors or young ladies with inadequate educational experience to see completely what they are doing. Many have long lasting second thoughts a while later. In guard to that, young people who become moms have dismal possibilities for what's to come. They are substantially more prone to leave school; get lacking pre-birth care; depend on open ssistance to bring up a kid; create medical issues; or end up separated. Young births are related with lower yearly pay for the mother. As indicated by specialist Stanley, 80% of youngster moms must depend on government assistance sooner or later. Young moms are bound to drop out of school. Just around 33% of adolescent moms get a seco ndary school certificate. Young pregnancies are related with expanded paces of liquor and substance misuse, and lower instructive level (www. womenshealthchannel. com/teenpregnacy. file). In the cutting edge world, premature births have become a standard of life and ought not be viewed as a negative demonstration yet a demonstration of settling on a positive choice to fix a few errors throughout everyday life. Despite the fact that ladies have been enriched with the endowment of bearing a living thing, a premature birth gives them the choice of whether they need to keep the present or not. Be that as it may, a fetus removal ought not be misconstrued for a comfort, as it has its own focal points and impediments. The master plan that is being focused on is real trustworthiness and self-proprietorship.

How Long Does TCP Stay in Your System

How Long Does TCP Stay in Your System Addiction Drug Use Prescription Medications Print How Long TCP Stays in Your System By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on December 17, 2015 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on July 29, 2019 Andrew Brookes/Getty Images More in Addiction Drug Use Prescription Medications Cocaine Heroin Marijuana Meth Ecstasy/MDMA Hallucinogens Opioids Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery Estimating how long TCP (Tenocyclidine) is detectable in the body depends on many variables, including which kind drug test is being used. TCPâ€"also known as N-[1-(2-thienyl)cyclohexyl] piperidineâ€"can be detected for a shorter time with some tests but can be visible for up to three months in other tests. The timetable for detecting TCP in the system is also dependent upon each individuals metabolism, body mass, age, hydration level, physical activity, health conditions, and other factors, making it almost impossible to determine an exact time TCP will show up on a drug test. The following is an estimated range of times, or detection windows, during which TCP can be detected by various testing methods: Urine: TCP can be detected in the urine for 2-5 days.Blood: A blood test can detect TCP for up to 24 hours.Saliva: A saliva test can detect TCP for up to 1-5 daysHair: TCP, like many other drugs, can be detected with a hair follicle drug test for up to 90 days. Preventing an Overdose TCP is an analog of phencyclidine (PCP) in which the phenyl substituent is replaced with a thiophene group. It is intended for forensic and research applications only. However, when it is abused, TCP produces effects similar to the dissociative drug PCP except perhaps even more intense. The drug was placed on the list of Schedule 1 controlled substances when it was being abused in the 1970s and 1980s, but it is rarely used today. A TCP overdose can produce symptoms similar to a PCP overdose, which include: Low blood pressure and pulse rateSlow breathingNauseaVomitingBlurred visionDizziness If if you think someone has taken an overdose of TCP, call 9-1-1 immediately or the poison control center at 1-800-222-1222. TCP Is a Dangerous Chemical Coming in contact with Tenocyclidine itself can be harmful. It can cause skin irritation and serious eye damage. TCP can also cause mucous membrane and upper respiratory tract irritation. According to the manufacturers Safety Data Sheet, if someone inhales Tenocyclidine the should be moved into a fresh air environment immediately and administered oxygen. In the case of skin contact with Tenocyclidine, the area should be washed with soap and water for at least 15 minutes and any contaminated clothing removed. Medical attention should be sought immediately, according to the safety precautions. If you get Tenocyclidine in your eyes, you should hold your eyelids apart and flush eyes with water for at least 15 minutes. Your eyes should be examined and tested by a trained professional, the drugs manufacturer recommends.

What Do We Know - 1048 Words

The Oxford Dictionaries defines knowledge as facts, information, and skills acquired through experience or education; the theoretical or practical understanding of a subject. It defines information as facts provided or learned about something or someone. The belief is defined as an acceptance that something exists or is true, especially one without proof. These three words are different with three different definitions. However, these definitions cannot tell all reasons why these words are different. Even though we use the word, knowledge, daily, philosophers and psychologists have noted for centuries that the definition of knowledge gets more complicated. We say knowledge to what we know. However, what do we know? Is it because we have learned that we know? How do we know? How do we consider that something that we know is real and true? Many philosophers have tried to separate knowledge of â€Å"What† from â€Å"How†. In the lecture, Professor O’Brien said that Socrates and Plato said, â€Å"True knowledge cannot arise from an empirical base, so it must be innate, and innate knowledge is knowledge of perfect forms, such as geometry, mathematics, logic, and morality.† We can assume that they are saying the knowledge comes from our own perception. Professor O’Brien said that in the ancient philosophy department, the philosophers insisted that the knowledge is justified true belief. They believed that the conception of knowledge is a mental representation about an object. Here,Show MoreRelatedHow Do We Know and What We Know? Essay734 Words   |  3 Pagesfacts. Member of an army engaged in a war usually know that their cause is right and that of the enemy is wrong. there cause are differ. Thus, knowledge can be perceived as true or false because of its source. Soldiers follow their officers, children follow their parents and citizens follow their law - makers because they know that orders from these with the relevant authority are to be obeyed. Language, shapes what we see and what we know. One acquires language, with a social environmentRead MoreWhat Do We Know About Knowledge?1611 Words   |  7 PagesWhat do we all know about knowledge? Does it defines how smart an individual is or will it tell us what an individual are skillful in? Knowledges are the facts, information, and skills an individual obtain through experiences and/or education over time. Then, how do we determine it; what tools or standards are being used to know if someone is knowledgeable or not? When we are in school, teachers will use letters and numbers to grade us, but what does that mean? If you get a low grade on a test orRead MoreWhat Can We Do?. We All Know What Happens. We Hear It On1691 Words   |  7 PagesWhat Can We Do? We all know what happens. We hear it on TV. We see it in the newspapers. We warn our girls about the probabilities that they might be a victim too, a victim of rape. Why is it that we have a rapist in the world? Are not we taught that ethically and morally we must treat each other as we want to be treated? Who would want to be stripped of their clothing, stripped of their independence, and stripped of their sense of security and safety. Is it a natural phenomenon? Is it somethingRead MoreWhat Do We Know About Gary Johnson?1490 Words   |  6 Pages As an accomplished tri-athlete, mountain climber and health fanatic, Gary Earl Johnson, would be one of the healthiest presidents to ever be elected in the United States. (NBC News) What do we know about Gary Johnson? Where does he stand on repealing the Affordable Care Act, taxes, gun control, and the legalization of marijuana? His viewpoint on these controversial issues is intriguing and make him an interesting and viable third party candidate for the presidency. The 2016 Libertarian PartyRead MoreWhat Do We Know About Audit Quality?13880 Words   |  56 PagesThe British Accounting Review 36 (2004) 345–368 www.elsevier.com/locate/bar What do we know about audit quality?* Jere R. Francis* University of Missouri—Columbia, 432 Cornell Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Abstract This paper reviews empirical research over the past 25 years, mainly from the United States, in order to assess what we currently know about audit quality with respect to publicly listed companies. The evidence indicates that outright auditRead MoreWhat Do We Know About Autism Spectrum Disorder?1390 Words   |  6 PagesWhat Do We Know About Autism Spectrum Disorder? Actress Holly Robinson Peete once stated, â€Å"I m not a doctor or scientist. I m just a mom. But I do think there s a genetic predisposition, and there are environmental triggers. I feel like that combination, in my child s case, is what resulted in autism.† Holly Robinson could have not said it in a better way. What is the cause of autism? Is autism solely caused by genetics or a combination of genetics and environmental influences? What does makeRead MoreWhat Is Inside The Skin, And How Do We Know About It?1429 Words   |  6 PagesSkinner wanted to seek and understand all behaviour with organisms; â€Å"what is inside the skin, and how do we know about it?† (Skinner, 1974, p.218). His philosophy stated that there was an interaction between the evolutionary or biological history and environmental interaction with the organism (Skinner, 1953). This lead on to the three basic assumptions to the philosophy of radical behaviourism. The first is that private events such as thoughts and feelings can be described as behaviours; secondlyRead Moreâ€Å"Second, We Are Not Jivers. Do You Even Know What That1262 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Second, we are not jivers. Do you even know what that means? We don’t do jazz; we do rock a nd roll.† Fitch glared at me. â€Å"Well, what should we call ourselves, then?† â€Å"Is everything up to me?† I let out a heavy sigh to buy myself some time. â€Å"How about if each of us comes up with a couple suggestions and next time we can vote?† Gary said, â€Å"That’s a good idea.† â€Å"Sounds like the fairest way to do it,† Deuce chimed in. We moved on to choose songs. â€Å"What do you guys know?† I asked. They rattled off theRead MoreHow Advertising Works: What Do We Really Know?2905 Words   |  12 Pagesset up an effective and positive advertisement is something that has a very high priority in every business. In order to create that positive advertising campaign you need to know what the do and don’ts are and which pitfalls need to be avoided. I consider it very important to know what advertising exactly means and what the definition of the word advertising is. Advertising is a paid form of communicating a message by the use of various media. It is persuasive, informative, and designed to influenceRead MoreEssay What Do We Really Know About The Beginning Of Time?1406 Words   |  6 PagesWhat Do We Really Know About The Beginning Of Time? Most people take for granted important discoveries, such as the Big Bang. It is widely accepted that the Big Bang created the universe, and while most people can explain the basic theory behind it, little else is common knowledge. Calvin of Calvin and Hobbes called it â€Å"The Horrendous Space Kablooie,† but many people do not grasp the enormous concept (Milne). How exactly do you prove how time began? A writer for Scientific American put this subject

Private Information on Extended Essay English Topics Only the Pros Know About

Private Information on Extended Essay English Topics Only the Pros Know About English topics aren't simple to produce. Besides persuasive topics, you may also think of argumentative essay topics since they supply the very same effect. List down all of the intriguing topics that you run into. These topics will be able to help you attain that. In general, essay writing is an easy task when you have the correct topic. A college student who's writing this kind of essay must possess in-depth knowledge on the topic of the essay as a high degree of research is necessary to compose the essay. An excellent history essay topic is a lot more important than you might think. Besides having an intriguing essay topic, you have to use develop it in a suitable way. If you get a free subject, you should identify the region of your primary interest. Don't hesitate or look further because you're in the most suitable location. You've got to narrow down the subject and select an area which you can readily address. Moreover, it's going to be simpler to carry out, as you have probably gathered a good deal of materials and knowledge on such topic throughout the year. Our experts always advise getting something that's close to you. There aren't many moments in your writing process that may make a huge difference. You have many methods to approach the circumstance. In fact, all situations are neutral, and only you're accountable for how you are feeling about them. Life, Death and Extended Essay English Topics There are an endless number of words that may be defined in the period of an essay. The next matter to discuss is a lengthy essay format. If you are attempting to determine what you will write about in your essay, these suggestions are what you demand. In addition, there are essays that will need to be short and precise. The Unusual Secret of Extended Essay English Topics All sorts of essays that are given on several subjects may be completed by the experts as a result of lengthy expertise in the area. When formulating an English subject, you can know how long is expected for research prior to a student submits their paper. You have to practice multitasking in regards to IELTS listening. Demands for the usage of the English language have increased over the last few years and globalization has re sulted in many countries teaching English as a second language. You see, the conventions of English essays are somewhat more formulaic than you may think and, in various ways, it can be as easy as counting to five. The teaching of English as a second language has resulted in the growth of several acronyms. English has ever been the business language of the planet. Though the conclusion paragraph comes at the conclusion of your essay it ought not be regarded as an afterthought. It makes an IB extended essay stick out from the remainder of the academic assignments. A definition essay outline will be different in length depending on the term one is describing. Do not compose a lengthy compound sentence if it's possible to write it as two individual sentences. English is one particular language that you can't exhaust. Use standard 3 paragraphs for this kind of essay. Use crosses and tick in the event you have doubts or locate an answer certain. Mistakes let you learn something forever. A Startling Fact about Extended Essay English Topics Uncovered In the long run, however, remember that great writing doesn't happen by accident. Practicing every day is important and should be emphasized. Unfortunately, you can't avoid meeting unpleasant individuals in your life. In your working life you will satisfy a wide array of individuals. The Unexpected Truth About Extended Essay English Topics Based on the kind of the paper, the lengthy essay is going to have a particular structure, therefore there is no universal form to it. A particular work will allow you exhaust the probable resources and key points you should concentrate on. All you will need is quality content written within the directions. Whatever it is that you need to focus on polishing on, then you'll discover available English study materials. The Meaning of Extended Essay English Topics Some schools will provide you with a timeline of when you must produce a topic, when you will need to meet up with your advisor and when certain drafts are due. Consult your IB coordinator if you are not sure if you're on a particular timeline. When some students have zero idea how to compose an IB extended essay, everybody can learn how to do it. High school students who complete the programme receive a chance to produce their college application seem more attractive for the committee, and obtain some exceptional interdisciplinary understanding.

Summary of the Books of the Old Testament Books Free Essays

Leviticus The book of Leviticus is largely a book of laws. Some key themes include God speaking to the people of Israel to define what it means to be the holy people of a holy God. This is accomplished by God speaking through Moses. We will write a custom essay sample on Summary of the Books of the Old Testament Books or any similar topic only for you Order Now The instruction given to Moses provides guidelines for the conduct of the individual as well as the nation as a whole. These instructions address the individual’s every day needs such as cleanliness, diet, sexual relations, and neighborly interactions. There are also laws given to address the relationship and worship between Israel’s people and God. There are descriptions of how to properly present God with a sacrifice. There are defined punishments for blasphemy and for child sacrifice. There are also descriptions of blessings for obedience. Though the Israelite people were the chosen people of God, God knew there would be times, as humans, they would be unfaithful. The book of Leviticus is setting the expectations and describing how to approach God for forgiveness if a person fails to observe the Law of God. (Word count 176) Ruth The book of Ruth is largely a narrative. Some of the key themes in this book are kindness and love. The book of Ruth shows how people of God can experience his wisdom, love, and kindness. These may be experienced and more greatly appreciated while the person is enduring a hardship. This is where we find Ruth and Naomi after the deaths of their husbands. Naomi is returning to her homeland and Ruth is accompanying her mother in law. We can see God’s love and kindness shown through the actions of Boaz and his field workers in allowing Ruth to glean wheat from his fields and assuring her safety. We also see the love and kindness of God when Ruth approaches Boaz in asking for their marriage. The heart of Boaz is right with God and his actions assure the proper following of the customs so there would be no disrespect or dishonor brought to Ruth or their marriage. God is pleased with both of his followers and blessed them with a son, Obed, who would be the grandfather of King David. (Word count 179) Job The book of Job is a book of wisdom. The key elements are trust and faith. We see Job, a servant of God that has been richly blessed by God for his loyalty and faith. Satan questions if Job’s faith is related to the blessed life God has provided for him. God allows for all to be lost for Job to assure his faith is honest and true. The loss and suffering experienced by Job offers an opportunity for doubt or distrust in God. Though within this book Job does get angry and questions God . God does not become vengeful, rather agrees with Jobs words and understands his hurt and anger. Due to Job’s unyielding faith God restores his health and bestows double the blessings upon him after this test . The book of Job is simply about God and his relationship with man . It was written to show that in a world where injustices and suffering occur daily God is present. We are not alone. Our continued trust and faith in God will be rewarded by blessings. Word count 178) Daniel The book of Daniel is largely a narrative . The key themes in this book are faithfulness, trust, and not compromising your beliefs. We find that Daniel, Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego are captured and placed in exile in a foreign land. The three serve the king loyally yet without compromising their own loyalty to God. When found not to be partici pating in pagan worship Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego were sentenced to death. Even in this time of great turmoil they stood fast in their trust in God and they were delivered from death. God used these three to show his awesome power . God showed several times in this book that he is a living God of action. His servant needs only to believe with all of his heart and pray and they will be delivered. The heart of the oppressor was humbled at the sight of God’s miracles. The oppressor may not have been converted away from his pagan worship but he had to acknowledge the power of the living God. (Word count 172) Jonah The book of Jonah is a book of prophecy. The key themes in this book are compassion, repentance, and forgiveness. God spoke to Jonah and gave him the direction to go to Nineveh to deliver his message to the people. Jonah disobeyed and attempted to run from God. God found Jonah and had him swallowed by a fish. In the belly of the fish Jonah asked for forgiveness and God placed him back on land to go to Nineveh to deliver his message. Jonah stayed on task . The message of pending destruction was received and the people of Nineveh repented and asked the Lord to forgive them and not destroy their city. God heard their prayers and let the city stand. This book shows us of a God who can and will readily punish for not abiding by his law but will also show love and compassion on those same people if only they repent and ask for forgiveness. (Word count 160) How to cite Summary of the Books of the Old Testament Books, Papers

Tobacco Pushing Tobacco free essay sample

Tobacco Author And Page Information †¢ by Anup Shah †¢ This Page  Last Updated Wednesday, July 02, 2008 †¢ This page:http://www. globalissues. org/article/533/tobacco. †¢ To print all information e. g. expanded side notes, shows alternative links, use the print version: o http://www. globalissues. org/print/article/533 Tobacco and smoking have a number of negative effects: †¢ Tobacco smoking  kills †¢ Tobacco  exacerbates poverty †¢ Tobacco  contributes to world hunger  by diverting prime land away from food production †¢ Tobacco production  damages the environment Tobacco  reduces economic productivity †¢ While the Tobacco industry may employ people, this can be considered  an example of â€Å"wasted labor†, capital and resources. When governments and organizations have attempted to control tobacco (for example, where it is used, or how it is advertised), the tobacco industry uses its enormous resources to derail or weaken laws and agreements. These issues are introduced below. This web page has the following sub-sections: 1. Tobacco Smoking Kills 2. Tobacco Exacerbates Poverty 3. We will write a custom essay sample on Tobacco Pushing Tobacco or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Tobacco Contributes To World Hunger, Diverting Prime Land From Food Production 4. Tobacco Production Damages The Environment 5. Tobacco Reduces Economic Productivity 6. The Framework Convention On Tobacco Control 7. Tobacco Industry Hitting Back 1. Expanding Third World Markets 2. Targeting Children, Teenagers And Women 3. Public Relations And WHO-Discrediting Campaigns 4. Corruption 5. Tobacco Companies Accused Of Attempting To Undermine Tobacco Treaty 8. Wasted Wealth, Resources And Labor 9. Free Choice? 10. More Information Tobacco Smoking Kills The world’s premier health organization, the World Health Organization (WHO) is quite blunt about the impacts of tobacco and smoking: †¢ Tobacco is the second major cause of death in the world. o It is currently responsible for the death of 1 in 10 adults o It is the leading  preventable  causes of all deaths o It kills Tobacco up to half of its regular users. o In 2005, tobacco caused 5. 4 million deaths (1 every 6 seconds) o If current smoking patterns continue, it will cause some 8 million deaths each year by 2030 o Tobacco caused 100 million deaths in the 20th century. At current trends up to one billion will die in the 21st century. †¢ An estimated 1. 3 billion people smoke o 84% of all smokers live in developing and transitional economy countries o Most people start smoking before the age of 18; almost a quarter of these individuals begin using tobacco before the age of 10 o 47. 5% of all men smoke compared to 10. 3% of women. †¢ Tobacco is the fourth most common risk factor for disease worldwide. †¢ Tobacco is deadly in any form or disguise: Cigarettes, pipes, bidies, kreteks, clove cigarettes, snus, snuff, smokeless, cigars†¦ o Mild, light, low tar, full flavor, fruit flavored, chocolate flavored, natural, additive-free, organic cigarettes, PREPS (Potentially Reduced-Exposure Products), harm-reduced†¦ †¢ An estimated 200,000 workers die every year due to exposure to smoke at work; The US Environmental Protection Agency estimates that second-hand smoke is responsible for about 3000 lung cancer deaths annually among non-smokers in the country. †¢ In 2000, fire caused by tobacco smoking caused 10% of all fire deaths o 300,000 deaths o US$27 billion in costs Sources: †¢ Why is tobacco a public health priority? , WHO, December 1, 2004 †¢ FAQ  on the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control and the context in which it was negotiated, WHO, September 20, 2004 †¢ Tobacco: deadly in any form o r disguise, World No Tobacco Day 2006, WHO, 2006 †¢ 2008 World No Tobacco Day event, WHO, May 31, 2008 †¢ 10 facts about tobacco and second-hand smoke, WHO, May 31, 2008 †¢ The Tobacco Atlas; Costs to the Economy  [pic], WHO, last accessed July 2, 2008 Back to top Tobacco Exacerbates Poverty It is worth citing the WHO again for a summary of how tobacco exacerbates poverty: Tobacco and poverty are inextricably linked. Many studies have shown that in the poorest households in some low-income countries as much as 10% of total household expenditure is on tobacco [and therefore] less money to spend on basic items such as food, education and health care. In addition to its direct health effects, tobacco leads to malnutrition, increased health care costs and premature death. It also contributes to a higher illiteracy rate, since money that could have been used for education is spent on tobacco instead. Tobacco’s role in exacerbating poverty has been largely ignored by researchers in both fields. —  Why is tobacco a public health priority? , World Health Organization, December 1, 2004 John Madeley also notes in his book,  Big Business Poor People  (Zed Books, 1999), that heavy advertising of tobacco by Transnational Corporations (TNCs) can â€Å"convince the poor to smoke more, and to use money they might have spent on food or health care, to buy cigarettes instead. Back to top Tobacco Contributes To World Hunger, Diverting Prime Land From Food Production Smoking also contributes to world hunger as the tobacco industry diverts huge amounts of land from producing food to producing tobacco as John Madely also notes: Dr Judith MacKay, Director of the Asian Consultancy on Tobacco Control in Hong Kong, claims that tobacco’s â€Å"m inor† use of land denies 10 to 20 million people of food. â€Å"Where food has to be imported because rich farmland is being diverted to tobacco production, the government will have to bear the cost of food imports,† she points out. The bottom line for governments of developing countries is that the net economic costs of tobacco are profoundly negative—the cost of treatment, disability and death exceeds the economic benefits to producers by at least US$200 billion annually â€Å"with one third of this loss being incurred by developing countries†. —  John Madeley, Big Business Poor Peoples; The Impact of Transnational Corporations on the World’s Poor, (Zed Books, 1999) pp. 53, 57 Back to top Tobacco Production Damages The Environment Madeley also describes in detail other impacts on land from tobacco use: The land that has been destroyed or degraded to grow tobacco has affects on nearby farms. As forests, for example, are cleared to make way for tobacco plantations, then the soil protection it provides is lost and is more likely to be washed away in heavy rains. This can lead to soil degradation and failing yields. †¢ A lot of wood is also needed to cure tobacco leaves. †¢ Tobacco uses up more water, and has more pesticides applied to it, further affecting water supplies. These water supplies are further depleted by the tobacco industry recommending the planting of quick growing, but water-thirsty eucalyptus trees. Child labor is often needed in tobacco farms. For more detail, refer to  Big Business Poor Peoples; The Impact of Transnational Corporations on the World’s Poor, by John Madeley, (Zed Books, 1999) ch. 4. Back to top Tobacco Smoking Damages The Environment In  The Tobacco Atlas; Costs to the Economy  [pic]  (last accessed July 2, 2008), the WHO noted the impact of fires caused by smoking (10% of all fire deaths, killing 300,000 people, costing $27 billion). It also noted that 1987 saw the world’s worst forest fire caused by cigarettes happened in China in 1987, killing 300 people, making 5,000 homeless, and destroying 1. million hectares of land. This hints at the side-effects of tobacco use; costly forest fires which often make for sensational headlines, especially in dry, hot conditions. With increasing concern about climate change, the extra carbon dioxide released by such forest fires does not help. There are also other less direct impacts to the environment. For example, †¢ The resources required to make cigarette lighters and related products, to package and sell them †¢ The resources required to box and package obacco products †¢ The resources required to employ people working in the industry, to advertise and market the products †¢ etc. (Many lighters are made from plastics and require a small amount of fuel. In the vast quanitities they are produced these small amounts of oil and related products that go into these can add up. As people are getting jittery about high oil prices, clean energy and so on, these kind of things add to those concerns, even if this is not seen as a priority concern. ) Given that tobacco use has no benefit for society, these costs further highlight wasted resources. While tobacco companies are somewhat held to account for the additional costs to people’s health, they are rarely held accountable for promoting products which have these additional consequences. Tobacco Reduces Economic Productivity Summarizing from the WHO again: The economic costs of tobacco use are equally devastating. In addition to the high public health costs of treating tobacco-caused diseases, tobacco kills people at the height of their productivity, depriving families of breadwinners and nations of a healthy workforce. Tobacco users are also less productive while they are alive due to increased sickness. A 1994 report estimated that the use of tobacco resulted in an annual global net loss of US$ 200 thousand million, a third of this loss being in developing countries. —  Why is tobacco a public health priority? , World Health Organization, December 1, 2004 A report by the  Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids  says that from a socioeconomic and environmental perspective,  there is little benefit in tobacco growing  [pic], and that â€Å"While a few large-scale tobacco growers have prospered, the vast majority of tobacco growers in the Global South barely eke out a living toiling for the companies. Furthermore, â€Å"the cigarette companies continue to downplay or ignore the many serious economic and environmental costs associated with tobacco cultivation, such as chronic indebtedness among tobacco farmers (usually to the companies themselves), serious environmental destruction caused by tobacco farming, and pesticide-related health problems for farmers and their families . † Back to top The Framework Convention On Tobacco Control The world’s first global health treaty—the  Framework Convention on Tobacco Control(summary), adopted May 2003—became international law in February 2005. Amongst other things, the treaty requires countries to Impose restrictions on tobacco advertising, sponsorship and promotion; †¢ Establish new packaging and labeling of tobacco products (e. g. ban misleading descriptions such as â€Å"low tar† and â€Å"lights†;) †¢ Establish clean indoor air controls; and †¢ Strengthen legislation to clamp down on tobacco smuggling. This treaty was adopted â€Å"despite a sustained campaign by the tobacco lobby via certain governments to dilute it—particularly the United States, Germany and Japan,† as theBritish Medical Journal  (BMJ) reported (â€Å"Tobacco Lobby Threatens to Derail Global Antismoking Treaty†, February 12, 2005, Volume 330, p. 25. ) Furtherm ore, â€Å"pressure from the industry has not let up †¦ the United States proposed a clear reference to global trade rules† potentially allowing companies and governments to attack the legally binding health treaty under trade laws, â€Å"even though the †¦ treaty gives governments the right to prioritize health over trade issues. † As the  BMJ  also noted, â€Å"poor countries are now more vulnerable to the powerful tobacco industry and need support in implementing tough anti-tobacco measures. In recent years, in wealthy countries, attempts have been made to introduce smoke-free legislation. In California for example, smoke-free laws were introduced in July 1998. As the Californian Medical Association’s president, Dr. Robert Hertza commented, â€Å"California’s lung cancer rates have fallen six times faster than in US states without smoke-free laws. † (â€Å"Smoke-free workplaces would hit tobacco profits†,  BMJ, Vol. 330, p. 325) This illustrates the potential of treaties such as this global tobacco treaty to save lives of millions. The WHO has defined a policy approach summarized by the acronym,  MPOWER, to †¢ Monitor tobacco use and prevention policies †¢ Protect people from tobacco smoke †¢ Offer help to quit tobacco use †¢ Warn about the dangers of tobacco †¢ Enforce bans on tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship, and †¢ Raise taxes on tobacco As their report (see previous link) argues, these measures are shown to work and have a significant effect on reducing tobacco consumption, when applied. In a 2008  report analyzing global tobacco use and control, the WHO finds that †¢ Only 5% of the global population is protected by comprehensive national smoke-free legislation and 40% of countries still allow smoking in hospitals and schools; †¢ Only 5% of the world’s population lives in countries with comprehensive national bans on tobacco advertising and promotion; †¢ Just 15 countries, representing 6% of the global population, mandate pictorial warnings on tobacco packaging; †¢ Services to treat tobacco dependence are fully available in only nine countries, covering 5% of the world’s people; †¢ Tobacco tax revenues are more than 4000 times greater than spending on tobacco control in middle-income countries and more than 9000 times greater in lower-income countries. High- income countries collect about 340 times more money in tobacco taxes than they spend on tobacco control. Back to top Tobacco Industry Hitting Back The tobacco companies have tried various ways to minimize damage impact to their sales and reputation. They have sought to expand markets in other areas, especially the Third World as they find the First World slowly but increasingly hostile to their industry. Attempts at regulation are fought with various public relations attempts, and corruption. Four companies now control 75 percent of global cigarette sales, as sophisticated strategies for supply, production and sales have produced increasingly popular global brands. The onward march of Marlboro man epitomises this globalisation, exploiting the opportunities presented by trade liberalisation, regional organisations and the communications revolution. Control efforts are undermined by the industry’s success in developing favourable relationships with many governments, the magnitude of their foreign direct investments and the scale of advertising, marketing and sponsorship campaigns. In addition, large-scale cigarette smuggling, which comprises one-third of total exports, depletes tax revenues and further jeopardises public health. —  Controlling the global tobacco epidemic. Towards a transnational response, ID21 Insights, March 2001 Expanding Third World Markets In recent years, the damage caused to a person’s health by tobacco consumption has been confirmed, attracted particular scrutiny at tobacco firms because they knew this for years, but attempted to hide their research. Some countries, such as the US have had the resources and political will to tackle the large tobacco corporations. However, combined with the resulting smaller and tougher markets in the rich countries, multinational tobacco firms have intensified their efforts in other regions of world such as Asia, to continue growing and selling cigarettes, as well as expanding advertising (to  create  demand, not meet). And they have been successful, too. 84% of the estimated 1. 3 billion smokers live in developing and transitional economy countries as the WHO has noted. Targeting Children, Teenagers And Women Almost understandably, tobacco companies are compelled to target the young and women. Teenagers are future consumers often highly impressionable and in some societies with significant disposable income; for any company where brand and consumption of their products are important, attracting younger members of society increases the chances of longer term lock-in. With the tobacco industry, ironically perhaps, as their products kill their customers (or as customers try to quit), they need to find newer consumers. Younger people will take a longer time to die or quit, thus increasingly the likelihood of continued sales. Women generally smoke a lot less than men, everywhere. It can be deadly to unborn children, too. However, tobacco companies see women as an untapped market where there is more potential to increase consumption than with men. So, unchecked and profit being the natural motive for the tobacco companies, children and women are natural target consumers. For their  2008 World No Tobacco Day event, the WHO noted that â€Å"Most people start smoking before the age of 18, and almost a quarter of these individuals begin using tobacco before the age of 10. † An example of how self-regulation had failed was provided by a  documentary about British American Tobacco pushing tobacco to children in Africa, produced by the  BBC(which aired in July 2008). It noted how BAT’s own guidelines to stop selling to children in various ways were clearly ignored by itself in places such as Mauritius, Nigeria and Malawi. From selling single sticks (which is intended to target children), to advertising and promotions of the sort readily banned in most countries, to organizing events and popular concerts heavily branded with BAT’s logos and products, all pointed to BAT encouraging young people, as young as 8 or 10, to smoke. (A separate BBC article also  summarizes this documentary  in more detail. ) Another area where children are increasingly smoking is India. A survey by the WHO found that  nearly 17% of students in India aged 15 and under use some form of tobacco, most of them cigarettes. While public bans on smoking had some positive effects, this rise has been a concern, and the study urged that more be done to tackle advertising. Public Relations And WHO-Discrediting Campaigns The tobacco industry has gone to extraordinary levels to discredit the World Health Organisation and others that are fighting tobacco issues, a WHO report charges. A Committee of Experts had been set up in October 1999 to â€Å"inquire into the nature and extent of undue influence which the tobacco industry had exercised over UN organisations. † This Committee produced the report that â€Å"found that the tobacco industry regarded the World Health Organization as one of their leading enemies, and that the industry had a planned strategy to ‘contain, neutralise, reorient’ WHO’s tobacco control initiatives. † They added that the tobacco industry documents show that they carried out their plan by: Staging events to divert attention from the public health issues raised by tobacco use; †¢ Attempting to reduce budgets for the scientific and policy activities carried out by WHO; †¢ Pitting other UN agencies against WHO; †¢ Seeking to convince developing countries that WHO’s tobacco control program was a â€Å"First World† agenda carried out at the expense of the developing world; †¢ Distorting the results of important scientific studies on tobacco; †¢ Discrediting the WHO as an institution. Corruption PAHO, the Pan American Health Organization (a regional office for the Americas for the WHO) issued a report titled  Profits over People  (17 December 2002). Looking at the Latin American and Caribbean countries and information from Philip Morris and British American Tobacco, the report details how the tobacco companies: †¢ Were intensely competitive but collaborated in campaigns against common threats to the industry †¢ Hired scientists throughout the region to misrepresent the science linking secondhand smoke to serious diseases, while cloaking in secrecy any connection of these scientists with the tobacco industry; †¢ Designed â€Å"youth smoking prevention† campaigns and programs primarily as public relations exercises aimed at deterring meaningful regulation of tobacco marketing; †¢ Had detailed knowledge of smuggling networks and markets and actively sought to increase their share of the illegal market by structuring marketing campaigns and distribution routes around it; and †¢ Enjoyed access to key government officials and succeeded in weakening or killing tobacco control legislation in a number of c ountries. They also added that â€Å"these tactics and strategies are not unique to the Americas region. † Tobacco Companies Accused Of Attempting To Undermine Tobacco Treaty The non-governmental organization, Corporate Accountability International, reports thatthe tobacco industry is interfering with health policy around the world  [pic]. The report summarized as follows: Thailand’s case stands out as an impressive example of a developing country successfully overcoming years of powerful tobacco industry interference in health policy [by putting in place effective tobacco advertising bans]. In Nigeria, Big Tobacco is using its economic muscle to try to keep treaty ratification off the table for discussion by manipulating media coverage and influencing government agencies. Guatemala’s current situation exemplifies the need for Article 5. 3 of the WHO FCTC—requiring parties to the treaty to protect public health policy from industry interference—and the importance of being vigilant to interference throughout the implementation process. The case of Guatemala also illustrates a new variation of old tobacco industry ricks, where Big Tobacco tries to pull the wool over policymakers’ eyes by advocating â€Å"regulation† while drafting legislation that actually weakens or conflicts with the tobacco treaty. —  Big Tobacco’s Attempts to Derail the Global Tobacco Treaty  [pic], Corporate Accountability International, October 6, 2005 In Africa’s most populous nation (thus an attractive potential market for tobacco firms), Nigeria, the report was very critical of British American Tobacco (BAT): In Nigeria BAT’s tactics to undermine health policies include attempting to bribe journalists with cash prizes for favorable media coverage and giving expensive gifts to regulatory agencies and government officials. The combination of a misinformed public and easily influenced government is a proven recipe for weak, corporate-friendly regulations. Media is a top target in BAT’s efforts to misinform Nigerians. The corporation hosts expensive meals for media owners and editors, sponsors journalist association meetings, syndicates articles favoring corporate interests and tobacco products, and leverages its advertising power to stop the publication of critical articles. —  Big Tobacco’s Attempts to Derail the Global Tobacco Treaty  [pic], Corporate Accountability International, October 6, 2005 But there is corruption at government levels, for they target government officials too, the report added. â€Å"Common BAT tactics to influence government officials include intense lobbying and expensive gifts. † In Guatemala, the report accuses Philip Morris/Altria and BAT of â€Å"trying to stall or derail Guatemala’s treaty process† which goes against the tobacco Framework treaty which requires that the tobacco industry does not interfere with government policies. For further information in this area, see also the following: †¢ Corporate Accountability International’s Tobacco Campaign †¢ Tobacco: A Political Struggle to the Death  by Gustavo Capdevila,  Inter Press Service (IPS), May 31, 2006 †¢ Tobacco Treaty Gains Hard-Fought Ground  by Isaac Baker,  IPS, October 25, 2005 Reports such as those mentioned above show that there is a lot of political maneuvering by large tobacco companies to lower prices, to increase sales, etc. In addition, the poor and small farmers are the ones most affected by the impacts of tobacco companies. The hard cash earned from this â€Å"foreign investment† is offset by the costs in social and public health and the environment. In effect, profits are privatized; costs are socialized. Back to top Wasted Wealth, Resources And Labor While the tobacco industry no doubt provides jobs for many people around the world, the total negative effects of the industry and of smoking tobacco suggests that this is â€Å"wasted wealth† and â€Å"wasted labor. † Talented scientists and business people currently employed by this industry could potentially be working in other areas contributing to society in a more positive way, while agricultural workers could potentially be producing less damaging products, for example. As noted earlier, wastage also occurs in the form of deaths from fires, the environmental damage caused by forest fires started by cigarettes, the resources needed to package, distribute, and employ people in the tobacco industry, the resources needed to create additional products such as cigarette lighters, promotional materials, etc. In a way, there is also the extra cost of anti-tobacco campaigns! Arguably, without the excessive promotion by the tobacco industry, much time and resources would not have to be devoted by the World Health Organization and other campaigners on raising these issues; other concerns could then be given more attention. While people have attempted to hold tobacco companies to account for the health burden they introduce, they are rarely held to account for these other forms of waste. Wasted wealth  and  wasted labor  and wasted resources are discussed in more depth later in this site’s section on consumption and consumerism. ) Note that this do es not have to be an authoritarian ban, as free choice is still a treasured value. Instead: †¢ True costing of tobacco (factoring in health, environment and social costs, as well as additional economic costs that might be externalized) would increase the cost of tobacco products to a higher and more realistic value. †¢ That could help pay for dealing with the various damages. It may potentially deter those whose â€Å"free† choice has been influenced by the numerous public relations, advertising and propaganda of the tobacco industry. Some countries such as the UK do add taxes onto cigarettes, but largely to only cover health costs. ) †¢ Enormous PR related resources would be freed up for other needs, such as helping the tobacco industry clean up, diversifying into other areas, etc. †¢ Heavily-burdened health services would additionally free up, thus leading to a potentially â€Å"snow-balling† series of positive effects. A lot of this is perhaps wi shful thinking, as the tobacco industry would lose out a lot, and no industry would like that. Their size, power and thus influence, means that they will (and have) hit back in many ways to dilute effective action. Back to top Free Choice? It is often argued by those who prefer to smoke and not see more and more restrictions put in place that it is their free choice to smoke. Some will add that they do not smoke in front of children, etc and thus sound responsible. Yet, on the one hand how free a choice is it to decide to smoke? Advertising, peer pressure, modern culture, stress all combine to give reasons for people to smoke. A  documentary about British American Tobacco pushing tobacco to children in Africa, produced by the  BBC, tried to ask shareholders at an annual meeting what they thought: one smugly responded that he was for free choice and happy that the questioner lived in a society where he was free to ask such questions. In other words, the â€Å"free† choice to smoke was equated with the notion of freedom. This was just a regurgitation of marketing from tobacco companies that promoted similar messages decades earlier. The irony that this person â€Å"freely† commented this and had not possibly been influenced by such marketing, perhaps subconsciously, was not noted! Furthermore, it may seem like a free choice to only harm oneself when deciding to smoke, but second hand smoking also kills. And perhaps more remote than that is people half way around the world may be going hungry because land that could have been growing and sustaining local people is now diverted into environmentally damaging and wasteful tobacco production. If one does not wish to give up smoking because it is considered free choice, how about quitting smoking so others may have a choice?